Characterization and diagnostic efficacy of Rose-Bengal plate agglutination test, standard-tube agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods in detecting brucellosis / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To study the characteristics and diagnostic efficacy of Rose-Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT), standard-tube agglutination test (SAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of brucellosis. Methods　A total of 489 suspected brucellosis patients with complete records, who admitted to Xing'anmeng People's Hospital from March 2020 to May 2021, were selected as the subjects. The diagnostic value of SAT, RBPT and ELISA for brucellosis was analyzed with exposure history + clinical symptoms + serological test/brucellosis isolation and culture as the gold standard. Results　Of the 489 suspected patients, 183 (37.42%) were diagnosed with brucellosis, while 234 (47.85%), 148 (30.27%) and 195 (39.88%) were positive by RBPT, ELISA and SAT, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of RBPT in the diagnosis of brucellosis were 95.08%, 80.39%, 74.36%, 96.47%, and 85.89%, respectively; the values of the above parameters for ELISA were 78.69%, 98.69%, 97.30%, 88.56%, and 91.21%, respectively; those values of SAT were 98.36%, 95.10%, 92.31%, 98.98%, and 96.32%, respectively. The sensitivity of RBPT was significantly higher than ELISA, but the specificity and accuracy were significantly lower than ELISA (all P<0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of SAT diagnosis were significantly higher than ELISA, but the specificity was significantly lower than ELISA (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference between SAT and RBPT in the sensitivity of diagnosis, but the specificity and accuracy were significantly higher than those of RBPT (P<0.05). Conclusion　RBPT and SAT have high sensitivity in diagnosis of brucellosis, while ELISA has high specificity in diagnosis. RBPT with high sensitivity and convenient operation can be used for primary screening in field detection, and then the other two methods can be used for rechecking, so as to further improve the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis of brucellosis.

Avaliação do desempenho de oleogéis estruturados com ceras vegetais como base lipídica reduzida em ácidos graxos saturados aplicados em cream cheeses / Performance evaluation of structured oleogels with vegetable waxes as a reduced lipid base in saturated fatty acids applied in cream cheeses

Diante das exigências crescentes das agências regulatórias do mundo todo quanto à redução/eliminação de ácidos graxos trans nos alimentos industrializados, bem como da conscientização do consumidor sobre a relação entre alimentação e saúde, o desenvolvimento de alternativas mais saudáveis aos óleos parcialmente hidrogenados e a outras fontes lipídicas com alto grau de saturaçã o se faz necessário. O oleogel, um sistema composto por um óleo preso em uma rede tridimensional formada por um agente estruturante, se apresenta como uma solução promissora. Dentre os diversos agentes estruturantes, as ceras vegetais se destacam por sua excelente capacidade de gelificação de óleos. Contudo, apresentam uma desvantagem sob o aspecto sensorial, pois podem conferir cerosidade e sabor residual desagradável aos alimentos. Com o objetivo de viabilizar o uso das ceras como agentes estruturantes em oleogéis face ao seu excelente desempenho tecnológico, este projeto propõe o estudo e a aplicação de oleogéis à base de óleo de soja (SBO) estruturado com ceras de farelo de arroz (RBW) a 2 e 4 % (m/m) ou carnaúba (CBW) a 3 e 6% (m/m), isoladamente. As matérias-primas foram caracterizadas e o comportamento de gelificação de cada cera foi avaliado por análises de textura por penetração de cone, estabilidade à perda de óleo por centrifugação, energia coesiva por parâmetro de solubilidade de Hansen (HSP) e comportamento de cristalização e fusão por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). Os resultados mostraram que ambas as ceras são capazes de formar oleogéis estruturalmente estáveis, contudo, o oleogel com 2% de RBW apresentou maior firmeza a 20 °C (190,4 gf/cm2) do que o oleogel com 6% de CBW a 5 °C (186,1 gf/cm2). Ao final de 5 dias, a capacidade de retenção de óleo do oleogel preparado com RBW foi de 100% às concentrações de 2 e 4% (m/m), contra 61 e 99,3% do oleogel elaborado com CBW às concentrações de 3 e 6% (m/m), respectivamente. Esses resultados podem ser explicados pela diferença entre as energias coesivas, ou seja, do grau de interação molecular entre o solvente e o soluto de cada oleogel. De acordo com os resultados de distância, que prevê se o gel formado será forte, fraco ou se não haverá formação de gel, o soluto CBW apresentou menor interação com o óleo (3,3 MPa1/2) do que o soluto RBW (3,7 MPa1/2). Os oleogéis foram aplicados como ingredientes em diferentes formulações de cream cheese, que foram analisados quanto a diferentes parâmetros de textura e esses resultados foram comparados a uma referência comercial. Nenhuma das amostras produzidas obteve resultados de textura estatisticamente iguais aos do cream cheese comercial (CC), o que pode ser explicado pelas diferenças de formulação e processamento dos produtos. Face aos resultados para textura e estabilidade à perda de óleo dos oleogéis de RBW, este agente estruturante apresenta ria maior potencial de aplicação, porém o oleogel CBW6 obteve alta capacidade de retenção de óleo (99,3%) e quando aplicado na formulação de cream cheese (CCBW6) apresentou resultados de firmeza e espalhabilidade mais próximos da amostra de referência, feita com gordura do leite (CMF)

Given the growing demands of regulatory agencies around the world regarding the reduction/elimination of trans fatty acids in processed foods, as well as consumer awareness about the relationship between food and health, the development of healthier alternatives to partially hydrogenated oils and others lipid sources with a high degree of saturation are necessary. Oleogel, a system composed of an oil trapped in a three-dimensional network formed by a structuring agent, presents itself as a promising solution. Among the various structuring agents, vegetable waxes stand out for their excellent oil gelling capacity. However, they have a sensory disadvantage, as they can give waxy and unpleasant aftertaste to foods. Aiming at enabling the use of waxes as structuring agents in oleogels in view of their excellent technological performance, this study proposes the evaluation and application of oleogels based on soybean oil (SBO) structured with rice bran wax (RBW) at 2 and 4% (m/m) or carnauba (CBW) at 3 and 6% (m/m). The raw materials were characterized and the gelling behavior of each wax was evaluated by analysis of texture by cone penetration, stability to oil loss by centrifugation, cohesive energy by Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) and crystallization and melting behavior. by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that both waxes are able to form structurally stable oleogels, however, oleogel with 2% RBW showed greater firmness at 20 °C (190.4 gf/cm2) than oleogel with 6% CBW at 5° C (186.1 gf/cm2). At the end of 5 days, the oil retention capacity of oleogel prepared with RBW was 100% at concentrations of 2 and 4% (m/m), against 61 and 99.3% of oleogel prepared with CBW at concentrations of 3 and 6% (m/m), respectively. These results can be explained by the difference between the cohesive energies, that is, the degree of molecular interaction between the solvent and the solute of each oleogel. According to the distance results, which predicts if the formed gel will be strong, weak or if there will be no gel formation, the CBW solute showed less interaction with the oil (3.3 MPa1/2) than the RBW solute (3 ,7 MPa1/2). Oleogels were applied as ingredients in different cream cheese formulations, which were analyzed for different texture parameters and these results were compared to a commercial reference. None of the samples produced had texture results statistically equal to those of commercial cream cheese (CC), which can be explained by the differences in formulation and processing of the products. Given the results for texture and oil binding capacity of RBW oleogels, this structuring agent would present greater application potential, but CBW6 oleogel obtained high oil biding capacity (99.3%) and when applied in cream cheese formulation (CCBW6) showed firmness and spreadability results closer to the reference sample, made with milk fat (CMF)

Awareness of Saudi Population about the Role of the Emergency Rooms

Background: The hospital Emergency department (ED) is one of the most important components of the health delivery system. Objectives: To investigate the public awareness of the ERs in KSA, what the public knows about the provided services, and if they know the difference between the outpatient clinic and ERs. Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive community-based study carried out on 977 male and female, young and adult participants from all age groups, in different areas of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the period from 1st January to 31st July 2019. Data was collected through filling the pre-designed online questionnaire which guided us to the needed data. We utilized the SPSS program version 16. The X2 test was used as a test of significance, and differences considered significant at p-value less than 0.05. Results: Most of the participants (87.5%) reported that they know the difference between the outpatient clinic and ER. The majority (68.1%) of subjects said that ERs is meaning rapid and unplanned medical care, 17.3% said any needed health care is available there, 12.2% said that it means insufficient medical care and only 2.5% said it means availability of physician at any time for any purpose. As regards evaluation to the provided services in ERs; 32.5% of cases said it was very good followed by 28.5% good, 19.8% excellent, 10.2% accepted and 10% reported it was bad services. There were significant relations between the awareness and age (p=0.03) and education level (p=0.003), but no relation was found with the gender of the participant (p>0.5). Conclusion: In our study, Most of the participants reported that they know the difference between the outpatient clinic and ERs. The majority of subjects said that ERs is meaning rapid and unplanned medical care and/or availability of physician at any time for any purpose. There were significant relations between the awareness and age and education level, but insignificant relation was found with the gender of the participant.

Eccrine Skin Adnexal Tumors: An Institutional Based Clinicopathological Study

Background: Histopathology is the gold standard of diagnosiswith a limited role of Immunohistochemistry. The present studywas Conducted to study the Eccrine skin Adnexal tumors withreference to their Anatomical location, age, sex of theindividuals affected to determine their incidence and correlatethem with other simulating studies.Material & Method: A total of 106 specimens of skin Adnexaltumors were received in the department of pathology fromdepartment of Dermatology, surgery and other specialties fromJune 2002 to May 2012. Histopathological Examination wasdone on routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stained tissuesections. Special stains like PAS and recticulin was donewhere required.Results: There were 21 males and 25 female patientsconstituting a ratio of 0.84 :1. The age range of these tumorswas 31-40 years with a mean age range of 43.73 years. In thepresent study 46/106 (43.39%) cases of SAT’s were of eccrinedifferentiation. Eccrine Acrospiroma was the most CommonBenign Skin adnexal tumor of Eccrine differentiationconstituting 25 out of 46 cases (54.34%) and Eccrine poromawas the least common benign Eccrine SAT. Out of 6 cases ofMalignant Eccrine skin Adnexal tumors 3/46 were of malignanteccrine acrospiroma and eccrine ductal carcinomarespectively.Conclusion: We concluded that the pattern and biologicalbehaviour of the tumors cannot be determined until thebiopsies are submitted for HPE so histopathology is mandatoryfor diagnosis SAT and to know their potential biologicalbehaviour for further management.

Desenvolvimento de oleogéis à base de óleo de girassol alto oleico estruturados por monoestearato de sorbitana e cera de candelilla / Development of high oleic sunflower oil oleogel structured with candelilla wax and sorbitan monostearate

As gorduras ricas em ácidos graxos saturados e/ou trans são ingredientes que brindam propriedades nos alimentos como textura, fusão e estabilidade. Porém, a relação entre seu consumo e enfermidades cardiovasculares, força a busca de novas alternativas. Uma alternativa potencial são os oleogéis, pois são um material plástico e com melhor balanço lipídico, do ponto de vista nutricional. Os oleogéis são sistemas coloidais onde uma fase orgânica líquida, representada por um óleo, é imobilizada por uma rede sólida tridimensional formada por agentes estruturantes. Atualmente, tem sido estudados oleogéis conformados com variados agentes estruturantes, com o intuito de encontrar a melhor opção. Além disso, alguns estudos indicam que o uso combinado de dois ou mais agentes estruturantes pode resultar no aumento de seu potencial de estruturação de óleos ou na possibilidade de customizar as propriedades adequadas para produção alimentar. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a interação entre os componentes de oleogéis preparados com óleo de girassol alto oleico (HOSO), como base lipídica, e combinações de cera de candelilla (CW) e monoestearato de sorbitana (SMS), como agentes estruturantes. A avaliação dos oleogéis por meio dos diagramas de fases e a consistência, mostrou que há uma sinergia entre os componentes, na concentração de 8 e 4% de agentes estruturantes e 79-89% de cera de candelilla. Estes oleogéis mistos tiveram uma faixa de fusão maior do que os oleogéis não mistos. Sugerindo a construição de cristais mais estáveis, que demoraram mais tempo em fundir. A capacidade de retenção de óleo se mostrou adequada (99%) nas amostras contendo mais de 1% de agentes estruturantes e com mais de 40% de Cera de Candelilla. Nas imagens obtidas por PLM, foi observada uma variedade de tamanho de cristais, sugerindo que cada componente do oleogel formou um tipo de cristal. Com a elaboração de bigéis, foi notado que, para obter um produto satisfatoriamente espalhável ou para observar o aumento de sua consistência em comparação com o oleogel isoladamente, é necessária uma concentração maior do que 4% de agentes estruturantes no oleogel e/ou a adição de menos de 20% de água na formulação total. A estabilidade dos bigéis foi beneficiada pela goma xantana e pela mistura de 2:1 de goma xantana e goma guar na concentração de 0,3%. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de alimentos com teores reduzidos de gorduras saturadas e ao mesmo tempo livres de gorduras trans se faz possível com a formulação de oleogéis, o que poderá contribuir para melhorar a qualidade nutricional dos alimentos industrializados oferecidos à população

Fats rich in saturated and / or trans fatty acids provide properties in food such as texture, fusion and stability. But, since those fats increase cardiovascular disease risk, alternatives have been searched. A potential alternative is oleogels, as they are a plastic material with better lipid balance from a nutritional point of view. Oleogels are colloidal systems where a liquid organic phase, represented by an oil, is immobilized by a three-dimensional solid network formed by structuring agents. Currently, oleogels conformed with various structuring agents have been studied in order to find the best option. In addition, some studies indicate that the combined use of two or more structuring agents may result in increased oil structuring potential or the possibility of customizing the properties suitable for food production. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction between the components of oleogels prepared with high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) as a lipid base and combinations of candelilla wax (CW) and sorbitan monostearate (SMS) as structuring agents. The evaluation of oleogels by phase diagrams and consistency (Yield value) showed that there is a synergy between the components, in the concentration of 8 and 4% of structuring agents and 79-89% of candelilla wax. These mixed oleogels had a higher melting range than unmixed oleogels. Suggesting the construction of more stable crystals, which took longer to fuse. Oil binding capacity was adequate (99%) in samples containing more than 1% of structuring agents and over 40% of candelilla wax. In the PLM images, a variety of crystal sizes were observed, suggesting that each oleogel component formed a crystal type. With the elaboration of bigels, it was noted that in order to obtain a satisfactorily spreadable product or to observe the increase of its consistency compared to the oleogel alone, a concentration greater than 4% of structuring agents in the oleogel and / or the addition of less than 20% water in the total formulation. The stability of the bigels was benefited by xanthan gum and the 2: 1 mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum at a concentration of 0.3%.Thus, the development of foods with reduced levels of saturated fat and at the same time free of trans fats is possible with the formulation of oleogels, which may contribute to improve the nutritional quality of processed foods offered to the population

The ABCDEF Implementation Bundle / 대한중환자의학회지

Long-term morbidity, long-term cognitive impairment and hospitalization-associated disability are common occurrence in the survivors of critical illness, with significant consequences for patients and for the caregivers. The ABCDEF bundle represents an evidence-based guide for clinicians to approach the organizational changes needed for optimizing ICU patient recovery and outcomes. The ABCDEF bundle includes: Assess, Prevent, and Manage Pain, Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT), Choice of analgesia and sedation, Delirium: Assess, Prevent, and Manage, Early mobility and Exercise, and Family engagement. The purpose of this review is to describe the core features of the ABCDEF bundle.

Identification of a zebrafish sat1 .a mutant / 中国实验动物学报

Objective In our previous study, we had generated various zebrafish mutant lines with tissue?specific GFP expression by Tol2 transposon?mediated insertional mutagenesis. Among these mutants,the Tol2:20141221t line ex?presses GFP in nervous system, while the position within zebrafish genome where transposon inserted has not yet been iden?tified. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze this genetically modified mutant. Methods The transgenic inser?tion loci in the genome of Tol2:20141221t line was identified byTAIL?PCR and the spatial and temporal expression profile of the affected gene was examined by in situ hybridization. Homozygous mutant of Tol2:20141221t was generated for explo?ring related developmental defects. Results Tol2 transposon was inserted into the 8th intron region of sat1.a gene, and in?duced premature transcription termination. The maternal and zygotic mutants of Tol2:20141221t was generated, while with?out apparent developmental defects. Conclusions We have generated and identified the zebrafishsat1.a mutant mediated by Tol2 transposon. This gene insertion mutant exhibits no obvious developmental abnormalities, but may serve as a power?ful tool to study the development of nervous system.

The ABCDEF Implementation Bundle / 대한구급학회지

Long-term morbidity, long-term cognitive impairment and hospitalization-associated disability are common occurrence in the survivors of critical illness, with significant consequences for patients and for the caregivers. The ABCDEF bundle represents an evidence-based guide for clinicians to approach the organizational changes needed for optimizing ICU patient recovery and outcomes. The ABCDEF bundle includes: Assess, Prevent, and Manage Pain, Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT), Choice of analgesia and sedation, Delirium: Assess, Prevent, and Manage, Early mobility and Exercise, and Family engagement. The purpose of this review is to describe the core features of the ABCDEF bundle.

Study on heterogeneity between visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue / 中国糖尿病杂志

[Summary] The increasing prevalence of obesity has led to extensive research on white adipose tissue. Currently ,functional differences among white adipose tissue depots have become clear ,especially between visceral adipose tissue (VAT ) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT ). This article will review the heterogeneity of distribution ,structure ,function ,influence factors ,measurement methods and metabolic properties between VAT and SAT.

Clinical Molecular Biology Analysis of Three Kinds of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Patients / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To analysis the related factors and the morbidity of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis(CT),Neisse-ria gonorrhea(NG),Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU)in Beijing Union Medical College Hospital.Methods Simultaneous Am-plification and Testing (SAT)was used to detect CT-RNA,NG-RNA,UU-RNA of patients from January of 2013 to Decem-ber of 2014.Results There were 6 262 cases in all and 2 412 cases in 2013,and 3 850 cases in 2014.The positive rate of CT-RNA,NG-RNA and UU-RNA were 7.29%,3.44% and 38.21% in 2013.The positive rate of CT-RNA,NG-RNA and UU-RNA were 8.17%,4.15% and 45.71% in 2014 respectively,which were higher than those of in 2013.There was a signifi-cant difference in UU-RNA positive rate between the two years (χ2 =12.66,P <0.01).The positive rate of CT-RNA,NG-RNA and UU-RNA were 8.15%,3.89% and 42.77% respectively in two years.The positive rate of UU-RNA in women’s (61.05%)was significantly higher than the men’s (24.50%)(χ2 =316.13,P <0.01).Most of the people with CT-RNA, NG-RNA and UU-RNA-positive were between 21 to 30 years old.The highest detection positive rate was in cervical swabs samples of UU-RNA.Conclusion There was a significantly increasing trend of the infection with UU.Male were more sus-ceptible to CT and NG.However,female were more susceptible to UU.There was the highest infection rate in youth (21~30 years)with CT,NG and UU.

Avaliação do comportamento tático no futebol: princípios táticos fundamentais nas categorias sub-14 e sub-15 / Tactical behavior assessment in soccer: fundamental tactical principles between U-14 and U-15 players

O processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento do Futebol deve adequar as atividades de treino à demanda dos atletas e equipes. Neste âmbito, pouca investigação centra-se nas diferenças no comportamento tático dos jogadores de Futebol masculino em função da categoria, informação que apresenta-se importante à correta distribuição dos conteúdos de treino às idades dos praticantes. Este trabalho comparou o comportamento tático de jogadores de Futebol das categorias sub-14 (dez atletas) e sub-15 (10 atletas) por meio do Sistema de Avaliação Tática no Futebol (FUT-SAT). Procedimentos de confiabilidade inter e intra-observador foram contemplados e considerados satisfatórios, e recorreu-se ao teste de qui-quadrado para comparação da frequência de aparecimento dos princípios táticas entre as categorias e da distribuição das ações táticas no campo de jogo. Observou-se que jogadores sub-15 realizaram menos ações dos princípios "Espaço sem Bola" e "Concentração", e mais ações de "Unidade Ofensiva" em comparação aos atletas sub-14. Na defesa, os atletas sub-15 realizaram mais ações no meio campo defensivo e menos ações no meio-campo ofensivo em comparação à categoria sub-14, indicando que os jogadores da categoria sub-15 apresentaram-se mais capazes de proteger as zonas mais perigosas do campo de jogo, nomeadamente aquelas mais próximas da baliza a defender. Estes achados indicam especificidades nas características de jogo em relação à categoria dos atletas. Conclui-se que os comportamentos táticos dos jogadores de Futebol variam em função da categoria. Deste estudo emerge a importância de se adequar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento do Futebol às demandas específicas cada categoria de prática.(AU)

The teaching-learning-training process of soccer players must be tailored to the athletes and teams' demands. In this scope, little attention has been paid to the tactical behavior of male soccer player related to the age, which is important to the training contents adjustment to the players' characteristics. This paper aimed to compare the tactical behavior of U-14 (ten athletes) and U-15 (10 athletes) soccer players through the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT). Inter and intra expert reliability was performed and considered satisfactory, and chi-square test was used to compare the occurrence of tactical principles and the place of action on the game field between the ages. Results showed that U-15 players performed less "Width and Length" and "Concentration", but more "Offensive Unity" principles than U-14 players. During the defensive phase, U-15 players also performed more actions on the defensive midfield and less actions on the offensive midfield than U-14 players, what indicates that U-15 players were better able to protect the most dangerous zones on the game field, namely the closer than the own goal. These results indicated specificities in the playing characteristics related with the athletes' age. It is concluded that the tactical behavior of soccer players vary depending on the age. From this study emerges the importance of adjust the teaching-learning-training process of soccer players to the specific demands of each practice age.(AU)

Señales ateroscleróticas tempranas en el escolar con antecedentes de alto peso al nacer / Early atherosclerotic signals in school-age children with a history of high birth weight

OBJETIVO. identificar de forma precoz señales ateroscleróticas tempranas (SAT) en escolares que tienen antecedentes de macrosomía o alto peso al nacer. MÉTODOS. se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un diseño de tipo caso-control con los niños nacidos en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico "Ramón González Coro". Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron fuentes primarias y secundarias. Se confeccionó una historia clínica con los datos personales, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, aspectos dietéticos y datos relacionados con el nacimiento. Se realizó un examen físico minucioso que incluyó un estudio antropométrico y la medición de la tensión arterial. Se indicaron estudios humorales como glucemia, colesterol, ésteres del colesterol y triglicéridos. RESULTADOS. en el grupo de estudio hubo un 56,43 % de pacientes sin SAT y un 43,57 % con SAT. En el grupo control, el 59,00 % de los pacientes no tenían SAT y un 41,00 % sí los tenían. CONCLUSIONES. el alto peso al nacer no constituye un predictor para las señales ateroscleróticas tempranas, aunque los autores desconocemos la existencia de reportes anteriores en la edad escolar y en los existentes no se señala que los pacientes fueran macrosómicos.

INTRODUCTION: in most cases atherosclerosis is a silent chronic condition whose presence is generally unknown by both the patient and their family. It often starts with a big atherosclerotic crisis (sudden death, acute myocardial infarction or cerebral hemorrhage). In recent decades it has been found to be the main cause of death, hospital morbidity, invalidity, disability and loss of quality of life in both developed and developing countries. OBJECTIVE: identify early atherosclerotic signals (EAS) among school-age children with a history of macrosomia or high birth weight. METHODS: a descriptive case-control study was conducted with children born at Ramón González Coro maternity hospital. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. A medical record was developed which included personal details, personal and family pathological antecedents, dietary information and birth-related data. A thorough physical examination was performed, including an anthropometric study and blood pressure measurements. Humoral studies such as glycemia, cholesterol, cholesterol esters and triglycerides were indicated. RESULTS: in the study group 43.57% of the patients had EAS and 56.43% did not. In the control group 41.00% of the patients had EAS and 59.00% did not. CONCLUSIONS: high birth weight is not a predictor of early atherosclerotic signals. The authors are not aware of any previous report about school age, and existing reports do not state whether the patients were macrosomic.

Record on Yu Yue's Medical Cases / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] To study the main medical works of Confucianism master Yu Yue of Zhejiang in the end of Qing Dynasty, understand Yu ’s contribution on TCM classics research with his real attitude to TCM academy. [Method] With the research methods of history and philology, col ect al Mr. Yu Yue’s medical articles in“Chunzaitang Pandect”; by paying attention to 3 main articles“On Abolishing Doctors”,“3-word Formula at Night”and“Discussion on Internal Classics”, and studying Mr. Zhang Taiyan’s analysis on his teacher’s medical discussion, offer them both primary documents, and analyzing Yu’s contribution on TCM classics research with his real attitude to TCM academy. [Result] “On Abolishing Doctors”was his extreme works written in 1878 and 1879 at his mother and wife ’s successive death, whose intention was not at al against TCM or abolishing TCM, but sponsoring to read TCM classics to train famous doctors. “3-word Formula at Night”was about a set of fit-keeping methods explored by him through his self-care, based on TCM“treating pre-disease”theory, cored with 3 methods“mould”“lock”“stretch”.“Discussion on Internal Classics”was his exegetic works on his studying “Plain Questions”, 48 articles in al , resolving doubts and proofreading mistakes, being a necessary works for researching Internal Classics. [Conclusion] One generation of Confucianism master Yu Yue, though had once extreme works of TCM, his exploration, practice to TCM fit-keeping methods and deep study on TCM classics, al embodied ful confirmation of TCM academy, esp. his col ation and annotation to articles in“Plain Questions”had great achievement. Yu’s“On Abolishing Doctors”and Mr. Zhang Taiyan’s“Comments on Medical Skil”reflected both great men’s discussion on how to treat TCM, how to develop TCM and how to prosper TCM in the end of 19th century and in the beginning of 20th century;coming around to this phase of history stil has meaning of further study.

Desempenho tático de jovens jogadores de futebol: comparação entre equipes vencedoras e perdedoras em jogo reduzido / Tactical performance of youth soccer players: comparison between winners and losers teams in small sized games

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar quais comportamentos táticos diferem as equipes vencedoras das perdedoras no jogo em campo reduzido em jovens jogadores de futebol. O desempenho tático de equipes vitoriosas e derrotadas foi comparado através do Sistema de Avaliação Tática no Futebol (FUT-SAT). Três mil, oitocentos e dez ações táticas foram realizadas por 72 jogadores das categorias sub-11 (n=12), sub-13 (n=12) sub-15 (n=30) e sub-17 (n=18), de diferentes clubes portugueses. Vinte e quatro equipes foram compostas para a análise, cada equipe disputou um jogo (12 jogos analisados). Cada equipe foi composta por três jogadores de linha, mais o goleiro, não analisado no teste. A análise estatística foi realizada através do software SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Uma análise descritiva e os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney U e o T--teste para amostras independentes foram realizados, e o teste Kappa de Cohen para determinação da confiabilidade da amostra. Considerando 76 variáveis analisadas, 12 apresentaram diferenças significantes entre os jogadores das equipes vitoriosas e derrotadas... Na categoria Local da ação no campo de jogo, as equipes vencedoras apresentaram superioridade no número de Ações defensivas realizadas no meio campo defensivo. Na categoria Resultado da ação, nas variáveis Continuar sem a posse de bola, Recuperar a posse de bola e Realizar finalização ao gol as equipes vencedoras apresentaram resultados superiores, enquanto que nas variáveis Perder a posse de bola e Sofrer finalização ao gol a equipes derrotadas apresentaram maiores valores. Na Macro-categoria Performance, a superioridade dos jogadores vencedores foi demonstrada pelo melhor Índice de Performance Tática (IPT) nos princípios Penetração, Unidade Ofensiva e na Fase ofensiva do jogo. Os resultados demonstraram que os jogadores das equipes vencedoras apresentaram superioridade em ambas as fases de jogo.

The aim of study was to verify what tactical behaviors differ winner from loser teams in small sized games in youth soccer players. The tactical performance of winners and losers teams was compared through of System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT--SAT). Three thousand eight hundred and eight tactical actions were carried out by seventy-two youth soccer players from the under-11 (n=12), under-13 (n=12), under-15 (n=30) and under-17 (n=18) categories of Portuguese teams. Twenty four teams were composed to analyze, each team carried out one match (12 match analyzed). Each team was composed by three line players with goalkeeper which was not analyzed in test. The statistical analysis was performed thought the SPSS 17.0 software for Windows. A descriptive analyze and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and T-Test tests to the independent samples was carried out, and the Cohen’s Kappa test to determining of the sample reability. Considering 76 variables analyzed, 12 presented significant differences among players of winners and loses teams. The players of the winner teams presented superiority in Macro--Category Action, in the Defensive tactical principles, Equilibrium and Defensive Unity. In the category Local of action in the Field, the winner teams presented superiority in the number of defensive actions performed in the defensive midfielder In the category Result of the action,... In the Performance Macro-Category, the superiority of the winners was showed by better Tactical Performance Index (TPI) in the Penetration principles, Offensive Unity, and in the Offensive phase of the game. The results demonstrated that the winner players presented superiority in both stages of the game.

El sobrepeso y la obesidad como un problema de salud / Overweight and obesity as an universal health problem

Se destaca al sobrepeso y obesidad como el principal condicionante actual de patología crónica no transmisible. Se identifican y discuten las principales comorbilidades asociadas al sobrepeso y obesidad, analizando las evidencias que las apoyan. Se destaca el rol de la adiposidad en la etiopatogenia del síndrome metabólico y en forma muy especial de la DM. Se analiza la asociación entre indicadores de masa corporal y tejido adiposo y tasas de mortalidad, destacando un significativo incremento de la mortalidad a medida que la masa corporal o grasa se incrementa. Se destacan los rangos asociados a la menor mortalidad, nadires que fundamentan los rangos de peso normal. Se discute en forma separada la asociación entre sobrepeso yobesidad en la infancia y adolescencia y salud, en especial su posible rol en la incidencia de patologías crónicas al alcanzar la adultez.

The article highlights overweight and obesity as the main factor in some current chronic diseases. Also it identifies and discusses major co-morbidities associated with overweight and obesity, analyzing the evidence that support them. The role of adiposity in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome especially in the development of mellitus diabetes 2 is discussed. We analyze the association between indicators of body mass and adipose tissue and mortality, highlighting a significant increase in mortality as the fat body mass increases and shows the range associated with lower mortality, basing the normal weight ranges. Will be discussing separately the association between overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence health, especially its possible role in the incidence of chronic diseases that will develop at adulthood.

Influence of health education on satisfaction degree with obstetric department in grass-root hospi-tals / 中国实用护理杂志

ObjectiveTo discuss the influence of health education to the pregnant women and their relatives on patients' satisfaction degree in grass-root hospitals. Methods200 pregnant women in our hospsital were divided into the experimental group and the control group, the experimental group was given systematic health education, while the control group only received the traditional reception. Then a survey was carried out in the two groups and the satisfaction degree of maternal women and their relatives with medical workers was compared. ResultsThe satisfaction degree Of maternal women and their relatives in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. ConclusionsHealth education in gy-necology and obstetrics department and carrying out nursing with humanity can improve satisfaction degree of maternal women and their relatives to medical staffs.

Estrategia de Enfermería en promoción de salud para la autoeficacia en adolescentes con señales aterogénicas tempranas / Infirmary strategy in the promotional conception of health in adolescents with Early Aterogenic Signs

La presencia de Señales Aterogénicas Tempranas (SAT), en las primeras etapas de la vida, como resultado de estilos de vida inadecuados, constituye un problema de salud actual; estos adolescentes, una vez adultos, presentarán manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad y sufrirán sus efectos y consecuencias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue proponer una metodología general, utilizando la teoría del aprendizaje social, para desarrollar una concepción de promoción de salud en adolescentes con SAT, a través del análisis y reflexión, desde una perspectiva de Enfermería con un enfoque comunitario. Se realizó revisión sobre promoción de salud, aterosclerosis y teoría del aprendizaje social. Todos estos elementos se vincularon a las perspectivas asumidas por las Ciencias de Enfermería para su posterior aplicación en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Al finalizar este trabajo, se pudo proponer una metodología general, utilizando la teoría del aprendizaje social, para desarrollar actividades de promoción de salud en adolescentes con SAT.

The presence of Early Aterogenic Signs (EAS), in the first stages of life as a result of inadequate lifestyles, constitutes a current health issue; furthermore, these adolescent, once adult, will develop clinical manifestations of the disease and they will suffer from its effects and consequences. The objective of this paper was to propose a general methodology, utilizing the theory of social learning to develop a promotional conception of health in adolescents with EAS, through analysis and reflection, from a nursing perspective with a primary health care focus. A revision of the specialized literature on health promotion, atherosclerosis and the Social Cognitive Theory was made. All these elements linked up to perspectives assumed by the nursing sciences to be later applied in a primary health care context. Upon completing this paper a general methodology was applied, utilizing the theory of social learning to develop promotional health activities in adolescents with EAS.

Improvement of purification process of serum tetanus antitoxin

The diagram of immune system with antigene was the toxic extract from the repeating stage, making the rough serum up to the lowest of 150 Lf/ml (or 210IU/ml) and applied the method of taking horse’s blood and giving back red blood cells to increase the the rough serum two times. The new process did reduce the level fN-protein, time and increase the quantity and productivity of the purified serum. The purified serum was of high quality: clear color, low level of N-protein to 30% compared with registered standard (150mg/ml).

A implantação da estratégia DOTS na cidade do Rio de Janeiro / Implementation of the DOTS strategy in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Introdução: o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a implementação da estratégia DOTS (Estratégia de Tratamento Diretamente Observado de Curta duração) nos centros de saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, apresentando os resultados obtidos após dois anos de desenvolvimento de projetos-piloto. Métodos: análise dos dados contidos nos "Livros de Registro e Controle do Tratamento", regularmente notificados à Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, visando avaliar o impacto do tratamento diretamente observado (DOT) nos índices de cura e o efeito da implementação da estratégia DOTS na qualidade do programa de controle da tuberculose (PCT). Resultados: De Janeiro de 1999 a Dezembro de 2001, 3657 casos de TB foram registrados nas áreas onde a estratégia DOTS foi implantada. Destes, 1730 receberam DOT e 1927 receberam tratamento auto-administrado (TAA). Entre os caos novos, 81% dos que receberam DOT e 71% dos que receberam TAA foram tratados com sucesso (OR 1,66, IC 95%: 1,3 -1,8), p<0,01. As taxas de negativação da baciloscopia do escarro após 2 e 3 meses de tratamento foram de 84% e 91% respectivamente para aqueles que receberam DOT e 75% e 83% para o grupo em TAA. Nos centros de saúde onde a estratégia DOTS foi implantada houve, em 3 anos, melhora geral dos índices de cura e de abandono, assim como dos percentuais de baciloscopias realizadas para acompanhamento do tratamento. Conclusão: Pacientes que receberam DOTS tiveram maior chance de cura do que aqueles que receberam TAA. A implantação da estratégia DOTS melhorou a qualidade do PCT.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to describe the implementation of DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short course) strategy in health centers in the city of the Rio de Janeiro presenting the results 2 years after teh development of pilot projects. Methods: analysis of data recorded on the "TB treatment and outcome registration books", regularly reported to the City Health Secretariat, to evaluate the results of the directly observed therapy (DOT) on the treatment success rates and the effect of DOTS implementation on the equality of the TB control program. Results: From January 1999 to December 2001, 3,657 TB cases were registered in the areas where the DOTS strategy was implemented. Of these, 1,730 received directly observed treatment (DOT) and 1,927 received self-administered treatment (SAT). In the DOT group 81% of the new cases were treated successfully, whereas in the SAT 71% of the new cases were treated successfully (OR1,66, 95% CI:1,3 -1,8, p <0,01). The sputum smear conversion rates for the new cases after 2 and 3 months' treatment were respectively 84% and 91% for the group on DOT and 75% and 83% for those on SAT. In the health centers where the DOTS strategy was implemented there was a general improvement on the cure and default rates, and also on the proportion of patients monitored bacteriologically during treatment. Conclusion: patients receiving DOT were much more likely to complete treatment than those receiving SAT. The implementation of the DOTS strategy improved the quality of the TB control program.

Alexithymia in patients with bronchial asthma / 천식및알레르기

BACKGROUND: Alexithymia refers to a specific disturbance in psychic functioning characterized by difficulties in capacity to verbalize affect and to elaborate fantasies. Although initially described in the context of psychosomatic illness, alexithymic characteristics may be observed in patients with a wide range of medical and psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE: The present study was to evaluate the relationship between the alexithymia and bronchial asthma, and to compare the results with finding from a group of acute infectious illness subjects. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Alexithymia was measured with on Korean translation of the TAS-20 (Toronto Alexithymic Scale-20 Korea version) and the Scored Archetypal 9 Test(SAT9). Thirty patients with bronchial asthma and thirty patients with acute infectious illness completed these tests. The SAT9 and the TAS-20K scores were compared in the both group, considering the age, gender, education level, and duration of illness. RESULT: Bronchial asthma patients had significantly higher score of on the TAS-20K and SAT9 compared with those with infectious illness(p<0.05). The two scales correlated in expected direction. Alexithymia was significantly related to education level(SAT9: r=0.335, TAS-20K: r=-0.376, p<0.01) and duration of illness(asthma group, SAT9: r=-0.383, TAS-20K: r=0.288, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Bronchial asthma patients had significantly higher alexithymic scores. This finding suggests that psycliathic consultation may be considered for the management of asthmatic patients with alexithyria.